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Today in History ~ June 30
Independence Day, celebrated in Zaire.
Events1294 - Jews are expelled from Bern, Switzerland
1520 - Hernan Cortez and his men retreated from Tenochtitlan (present-day Mexico City) after the Aztec population rebelled. Known to the Spanish as La Noche Triste, or "the Night of Sadness," Montezuma II, the Aztec emperor, was also killed during the struggle. [H]
1548 - Formerly Holy Roman (Catholic) Emperor Charles V orders Catholics to become Lutherans
1643 - Battle at Atherton Moor: Royalists beat parliamentary armies
1755 - Philippines close all non-Catholic Chinese restaurants
1794 - Battle of Ft Recovery - Ohio
1815 - US naval hero Stephen Decatur ends attacks by Algerian pirates
1834 - Congress creates Indian Territory
1859 - Jean Francois Gravelet, a Frenchman known professionally as Emile Blondin became the first person to walk a tightrope across Niagara Falls. Walk was completed in five minutes.
1861 - CSS Sumter slips past USS Brooklyn blockade
1862 - Day 6 of 7 Days-Battle of White Oak Swamp VA (Frayser's Farm) [H]
1862 - Gustave Flaubert completes "Salammbo"
1865 - Eight alleged conspirators in the assassination of Lincoln are found guilty after kangaroo court-martial and brutal treatment by military officers
1870 - Ada Kepley becomes 1st female law college graduate
1886 - Nineteen-year old Italian musician Arturo Toscanini conducted professionally for the first time.
1893 - Excelsior diamond (blue-white 995 carats) discovered
1894 - Korea declares independence from China - asks for Japanese aid
1894 - London's Tower Bridge opened.
1896 - W S Hadaway patents electric stove
1906 - Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act adopted
1908 - A mysterious explosion, equaling close to twenty megatons, overturned an estimated 40,000 trees in the Tunguska region of central Siberia, later assumed to be a meteorite
1913 - 2nd Balkan War begins
1914 - Mahatma Gandhi's 1st arrest, in campaign for Indian equal rights in South Africa.
1921 - President Warren Harding appointed former President William Taft chief justice of the United States.
1923 - New Zealand claims Ross Dependency in Antarctica
1934 - Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler ordered a bloody purge of his own political party, assassinating hundreds of Nazis who he believed had the potential to become political enemies in the future. [H]
1934 - Portsmouth Spartans become Detroit Lions
1936 - 40 hour work week law approved (federal)
1936 - Haile Selassie asks League of Nations for sanctions against Italy
1936 - The novel "Gone With The Wind," by Margaret Mitchell, was published in New York.
1939 - Frank Sinatra made his first appearance with Harry James' band
1942 - Col-gen Von Paulus' 6th Army storms into the Ukraine
1943 - Gen MacArthur begins Operation Cartwheel (island-hopping)
1945 - John von Neumann delivers his report on EDVAC
1946 - The U.S. Army officially accepted ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), the world's first electronic general-purpose digital computer.
1948 - In Murray Hill NJ, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley demonstrated their invention, the transistor, for the first time
1950 - Pres Truman orders American troops into Korea
1952 "The Guiding Light," a popular radio program, made its television debut on CBS.
1953 - The first Chevrolet Corvette, a white convertible roadster with a red interior, was produced in temporary facilities in Flint, Michigan. That early 'Vette sold for $3,250.
1954 - Yank pitcher Tom Morgan ties record by hitting 3 batters in 1 inning. This was also Bobby Brown's last game he retired to become a Dr.
1955 - "Johnny Carson Show," debuts on CBS-TV
1956 - United DC-7 & TWA collide over Grand Canyon killing 128
1960 - US stops sugar import from Cuba
1960 - Zaire (then Belgian Congo) gains independence.
1961 - Lee de Forest, inventor of vacuum tube, dies
1963 - Pope Paul VI (Cardinal Montini) was crowned the 262nd head of the Roman Catholic Church in St Peter's Square
1969 - The last of 4,204,925 Ramblers was produced, ringing in the final hour for the storied car line.
1971 - The 26th Amendment to the Constitution, lowering the minimum voting age to 18, was ratified as Ohio became the 38th state to approve it.
1971 A Soviet space mission ended in tragedy when three cosmonauts who had served as the first crew of the world's first space station died when their spacecraft depressurized during reentry
1972 - 1st leap second - day
1974 - Soviet dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov defects to west
1975 - Bundy victim Shelley Robertson disappears in Colorado
1977 - Jimmy Carter cans B-1A bomber later "B-1's the B-52"
1977 - Yankee DH Cliff Johnson hit 3 consecutive HRs in Toronto
1981 - China's Communist Party condemns late Mao Tse-tung's policy
1982 - Federal Equal Rights Amendment fails 3 states short of ratification
1985 - 39 American hostages from a hijacked TWA jetliner in Beirut were freed after 17 days.
1986 - Georgia sodomy law upheld by Supreme Court (5-4) ruled that states could outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
1986 - Hugh Hefner, calling his Playboy Bunny a "symbol of the past," closed Playboy Clubs in Chicago, New York and Los Angeles.
1989 - NY State Legislature passes Staten Island secession bill
1990 - East & West Germany merge their economies
1990 - African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela visited Oakland, Calif., a day after receiving a star-studded welcome in Los Angeles.
1992 - Fidel Ramos was inaugurated as the eighth Philippine president in the first peaceful transfer of power in a generation.
1992 - Toxic gas from a derailed tank car forced the evacuation of 80,000 people in Superior, Wis.
1994 - Pre-trial hearings open in LA against OJ Simpson
1994 - The U.S. Figure Skating Association stripped Tonya Harding of the national championship and banned her for life because of the attack on rival Nancy Kerrigan.
1995 - In a stunning Kremlin purge, Russian President Boris Yeltsin fired three top security ministers for the botched handling of a bloody hostage-taking by Chechen rebels in southern Russia.
1997 - Mike Tyson apologized publicly for biting Evander Holyfield's ears during a heavyweight championship boxing match in Las Vegas two days earlier, saying he'd become angered after Holyfield butted him.
1998 - A casualty of the Vietnam War buried at the Tomb of the Unknown in Arlington, Va., was identified as Air Force Lt. Michael Blassie of St. Louis.
1999 - On the day the independent counsel law expired, Kenneth Starr wrapped up the Whitewater phase of his investigation as presidential friend Webster Hubbell a former associate U.S. attorney general, pleaded guilty to a felony and a misdemeanor.
2000 - The Clinton Administration said Iraq had re- started its missile program and had flight-tested a short-range ballistic missile.
2000 - The Presbyterian Church ordered its ministers not to conduct same-sex unions.
2002 - According to published reports, fugitive terrorist leader Osama bin Laden had written a letter to his operations chief in late December, meaning he survived the U.S. assault on his cave complex in Afghanistan if the reports were authentic.
2002 - Israel announced it had killed a top Hamas bomb- maker, responsible for the deaths of more than 100 Israelis in suicide attacks, and had begun work on an electronic fence designed to block off three sides of Jerusalem from the West Bank.
2002 - Brazil won its fifth World Cup soccer championship with a 2-0 victory over Germany.
Birthdays Today
1470 - Charles VIII, king of France (1483-98)
1685 - Dominikus Zimmermann, German architect/painter (Liebfrauenkirche)
1685 - John Gay, author (Baggars' Opera)
1768 - Elizabeth Monroe (Kortright) (First Lady: wife of 5th U.S. President James Monroe)
1819 - William A. Wheeler, (R) 19th U.S. vice-president (1877-81)
1894 - Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian assassin (arch-duke Franz Ferdinand)
1904 - Jan Peerce, tenor
1909 - Juan Bosch, poet president of the Dominican Republic (1962-63)
1911 - Czeslaw Milosz, Polish-American writer (Nobel 1980)
1912 - Dan Reeves, NFL team owner (Cleveland/Los Angeles Rams)
1916 - David Wayne (actor: Adam's Rib, Wait Till the Sun Shines Nellie, The Good Life, The Tender Trap, The Three Faces of Eve)
1917 - Buddy Rich, drummer
1917 - Lena Horne (singer: Love Me or Leave Me, Stormy Weather; actress: The Wiz)
1919 - Susan Hayward (Edythe Marrender) (Academy Award-winning actress: I Want to Live [1958], I'll Cry Tomorrow, Valley of the Dolls)
1927 - James Goldman, author/playwright (Butch Cassidy & Sundance Kid)
1927 - Shirley Fry (tennis champion: Australian Open [1957], French Open [1951], Wimbledon [1956], U.S. Open [1956])
1930 - June Valli (singer: Crying in the Chapel, Your Hit Parade, Stop the Music, Unchained Melody, Apple Green)
1934 - Harry Blackstone Jr, magician
1936 - Nancy Dussault (actress: Too Close for Comfort, The Ted Knight Show; co-host: Good Morning America)
1936 - Tony Musante (actor: Judgment, Toma, Fatal Choice, The Grissom Gang, Breaking Up is Hard To Do)
1943 - Florence Ballard (singer: group: The Supremes: Baby Love, Stop! In the Name of Love, Come See About Me, You Can't Hurry Love, My World is Empty Without You, The Happening)
1944 - Ron Swoboda (baseball: Chicago Cubs, NY Mets)
1946 - Bill Lenkaitis (football)
1951 - Roger Maltbie (golfer)
1952 - Brian Ogilvie (hockey)
1958 - Esa-Pekka Salonen, Helsinki Finland, conductor (Giro)
1966 - Mike Tyson (boxer: youngest heavyweight champion [20 years 144 days)
1970 - Brian Bloom (actress: As the World Turns, At Home with the Webbers)
Famous deaths
1520 - Montezuma II, the last Aztec emperor, murdered by Spanish conquistadors [H]
1685 - Archibald Campbell, Scottish politician, beheaded at about 55
1882 - Charles J Guiteau, assassin (Pres Garfield), hanged
1934 - Ernst Roehm, gay German head of Nazi SA (storm troopers), executed/suicide at 46 [H]
1934 - Gregor Strasser, German pharmacist/Nazi leader, murdered at 42 [H]
1934 - Karl Ernst, German SA-leader, murdered [H]
1961 - Lee de Forest, inventor (Electron Tube), dies at 87
1971 - Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev, had launched into space aboard Soyuz 11, perished on reentry disaster
1974 - Alberta King, mother of Martin Luther King Jr, assassinated in church
1985 - Creator of the Twinkie, James A. Dewar, died (Twinkie treat was created in 1930)
If you have other Birthdays or events to add for this day please E-mail me
Yesterday Tomorrow
